Human Relations and Life Transitions for Piaget - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Relations and Life Transitions for Piaget Thoery. Answer: Introduction The childhood is one of the crucial phases of everyones life. At that stage, the child learns many things that help them in the long run of their life. Initially, they learn from their parents, and then move to school and so on. If any of the phases is not properly guided then they may take the wrong step. There are various theories that explain the different stages of the child, provide the guideline about their freedom and responsibilities. The transition of life includes several hurdles and challenges. So, learning the theories and adopting them in the daily life will change the life of a child. Scenario 2 Piaget's theory The Piaget's theory of the cognitive development deals with the issues that how a child constructs the mental model of the world. The theory works with the genetic epistemology that is the origin of the thinking. The term genetics deals with the study from where the things come from that are the origin(Bridges Bridges, 2017). The Epistemology is more interested about the elementary categories of thinking that is to speak, the overall framework or architectural properties of the intelligence. The main aim of this theory is to measure the ability of jack that how he count well, spell or solve the mental ability problems called as Intelligence questions(Etzkowitz Leydesdorff, 2014). According to the Piaget's theory, the mental structure of jack is different from the others depending on which the learning and knowledge are based. The target of this theory is to describe the different mechanisms by which the infant, then the child, grow into an individual who is able to think and differentiate the various hypotheses. The three basic components of the Piaget's cognitive theory are schemes, adoption process which enables the transition in the children from stage to the other and the various stages of the cognitive development(Kail Cavanaugh, 2015). Erikson's Theory The Erikson theory of the social development of the children and teenagers consists of eight stages of development. Each stage of the Erikson was regarded as the "psychological crisis" which rises with the demand and the resolution of the previous stage and the next stage. The first stage of the development is learning about the basic trust and the mistrust. It is the initial period of the infancy which is in between the first one or two years of life. When the jack is natured well with full love and caring then hedevelops the trust and security. If the reverse thing happens, that is if he are not handled properly then hebecame aggressive and insecure(Leider, 2015). The second stage is the autonomy versus shame and doubt. It happens in the early ages between the 18 months and three, when the children are trying to do the things of their own and wants their full independence. They started moving away from their parents, choose the things of their own, and make their own choice for the ir clothes and much more(Moos, 2013). Erikson theory states that if the parents allow them to do the things till the end, then they will explore many things of their own abilities. It shows an encouraging nature of the parents rather than having any shame or doubt with the ideas and intention of the children. A delicate balance and support are required from the parent. If at this stage, children are encouraged and supported by their parents then they will become more confident and brave in solving their own problems(Newman Newman, 2017). The situation is more familiar with the residents of the USA where they are allowing the children to do their work until they require assistance. They never criticize or control the children at this stage. The next stage describes the initiative nature and guilt within the children. During the age of two to five years, the children develop the feature of interacting with the other children at the school. It provides an opportunity to explore their interpersonal skills through various in itiatives. If this tendency is muffled by any means like through criticism or control, then they will develop a sense of guiltiness(Parkes Prigerson, 2013). Vygotsky's theory The main goal of this nursing theory is to deal with the more complex cognitive activities of jack which are governed and examined by various principles. The various tools and semiotic signs are given to the children to do the things exactly as it is required. The process engages the lower age limit children who are capable of doing their work or to solve any problem of their own without taking any help from the others(Sigelman Rider, 2014). Jack is provided with the verbal training about the task and he gather more information about it from various sources of their own. Headds new valid information in their existing mental schemes in order to complete the task in time and also doing it independently. The socio cultural backdrop involves the healthy interaction between the parents and the children. The adults should be able to direct and organize their children to develop their learning skills and to get more confidence on that learning. In the entire process, parents play a crucial role in the development of their child. As the parents are more knowledgeable than the children, so it is necessary for them to teach the symbols, signs, words and everything which is necessary for their child to grow properly with immense knowledge(Walker, 2017). Bronfenbrenner's theory The theory explains about the situational placements of the jack with the four distinct socio cultural layers. The children are dealing with the complex system of relationships between the Microsystems, mesosystem, exosystem and macro system. The Microsystems deals with the person and other information, the mesosystem is between the connections of various situations, the exosystem describes the direct influence on a child from the other relation and macro system tells about the relationship with the society(Wrzus, et al., 2013). Here in this case Jackacquires the knowledge from the social surroundings. The interaction of the children with the large community society helps to shape their knowledge and personal beliefs about the world. The examples of cognitive development The development of the child is done through a continuous transformation in the thought processes. The cognitive study of nursing is necessary for Jack to develop their skills and knowledge according to their age limit and ability. Various stages are explained by the Piaget where the children are categorized into age groups and depending on their maturity, experience and skills they need to cross each stage independently. For example, when the child is at very early age and playing in the cradle, they love to snatch and grab the hands of their teddy and put it on their mouth(John-Steine Mahn, 1996). When the mother intentionally put their hand on the baby, instead of the teddy they choose their mother's hand and put it in their mouth. After some months, the mother found that the child repeats the same situation and takes her hand directly to the mouth instead of the teddy. Gradually with the time they change their habit and start playing with the toys rather than taking them into th e mouth. Jackdevelops their knowledge and learns about the change in the situation which is due to the response of the stimuli. The cognitive development here plays a crucial role and helps in developing the mind of the child. For example, when the child has two options like a toy which looks attractive and a teddy, they often choose the toy rather than the teddy. If happens because they had already played with the teddy and they want some change in it. As the toy looks more attractive, they play most of the time with it. It shows their change in the response from the previous days. They are capable of understanding the change in their choice(Parkes Prigerson, 2013). Examples of social development When the parents in the early age of their children behave with them in a harsh or unreliable way, then the children develop a sense of mistrust and will not gain the confidence to believe in the world around them. Gradually they stop believing in their own abilities and become rude and arrogant. The role of the parents at the early age of the children is important in order to guide them in every possible way so that they will believe in themselves(Newman Newman, 2017). When the parents behave with the child in very jolly and lovable way, then the child develops a sense of trust and enhances their capabilities to solve any crises coming in their way. Criticizing their intention will always put them in a stack condition. When the child wants to put the shoes on the rack instead of knowing anything about the rack, in such situation parents should allow them instead f restricting them. It will develop the confidence in them. Factors influencing the cognitive and social development The factors that affect the cognitive and social development in the child are the environmental stress, nutrition, care, sensory development, stimuli, feeding practices, genetics and parental environment. These factors are considered as the most influential and effective reasons for the growing stage of the children. The physical development occurs in the children during the years 3 to 6, but more slowly during the infancy(Etzkowitz Leydesdorff, 2014). Due to lack of the nutrition and proper diet, the interest on food decreases which affects the cognitive development of the children. Sometimes the children are more curious about the foods and consume more which is again a bad symbol for their health and development. If a child has a perfect health, then it becomes easy for them to capture the knowledge from their parents, teachers as well as from the environment. The sleeping practice slows helps in developing the brain at the early age of the children(Bridges Bridges, 2017). Parents need to check the proper diet and schedule of their children so that they will easily enhance their skills and knowledge. The entire childhood depends on the parents as they are more experienced and smart. They need to take care of the feeding, nutrition, and foods of their child which helps the child to develop more at the early age. Conclusion From the above theories, it is cleared that at what age the child should be guided and after what age they should learn about their responsibilities. The beginning stage of the child should be properly guided by their parents so that they will be able to learn the symbols and language. When the child starts to progress, at that time they should be allowed to do their work independently so that they will learn from their mistakes at each step. At that point of time, the parents will only guide them instead of helping. The learning process will continue till the end of the life. In every step, there are new things to learn and explore. The thing which is important is the courage and confidence to deal with the situations. Reference Bridges, W., Bridges, S. (2017).Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (2014). The endless transition: a'Triple Helix'of university industry government relations. John-Steiner, V., Mahn, H. 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